“Sleeping Disorders #2 - Restless Legs Syndrome”
Natural Insomnia Cures Better Sleep

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Do you experience painful leg muscles and an abnormally uncontrollable desire to move around just to partially relieve the pain?

Beware of those symptoms for it could be a sign of a more serious illness.

The following section you are about to read diligently tackles the common misconceptions facts about the restless legs syndrome and properly identify the symptoms characterizing such disease and how you can empower yourself and people suffering from them.

Facts and Symptoms

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a type of neurological sickness which is characterized by painful leg muscles which continues unless they are drawn into physical action.

These distinctive symptoms are in some ways suggestive of motor and sensory malfunction in which uncontrollable urge to move is more prominent.

That means, as leg musculature are relaxed, the more frequent the occurrence of symptoms are. People with this disease feel an abnormally unpleasant feeling of muscle dragging which reduces in severity as the legs are physically maneuvered as in the case of walking or jogging.

It afflicts people of all ages and both genders. Given the current statistics, females and older individuals are apt to develop the symptoms.

Causes

Restless Legs Syndrome is of idiopathic type; meaning its exact cause and origin is not yet known.

Currently, scientists are working on locating the part of the brain, which triggers the condition, and genetically identifying the gene which transmits such trait to other cells and other physiological and nutritional factors which activates the episodes of pain in the leg and foot region.

The conditions peculiar to this disease usually occur when the legs are in the resting state. Idleness triggers the symptoms by which this disease is known and manifests patients suffering from this ailment.

Burning and creeping sensations are just some of the most common feeling.

Collating all the symptoms, we can identify them as follows:

1. The desire to move the legs due to uncomfortable pain

2. Pain becoming more pronounced and advancing at night

3. Involuntary movement of the legs during sleep

4. Onset of symptoms occurs during periods of inactivity and relieved once the legs are moved

The disease affects a considerable number of people worldwide. In fact, according to the latest Restless Legs Syndrome Foundation studies, more than 8% of the US population may be harboring this neurological condition.

This can be translated to more than 12 million people currently diagnosed and exhibiting such remarkable conditions.

Due to the commonality of symptoms and their apparent similarity to other diseases, RLS patients are more often than not misdiagnosed which in turn result to unsuccessful medical treatment.

Much to the patient’s dismay is that, little attention and funding is dispensed on this type of disease suggesting the slow progress to unveiling the mystery of restless legs syndrome and helping patients suffering on it.

Treatment

Perhaps, one reason for unsuccessful treatment is due to patient’s attitude over the symptoms.

Typical indications of the disease are ignored due to the symptoms unpredictable pattern of attack sometimes occurring during wakefulness or at night or in the middle of the sleep.

Symptoms usually last for days or weeks or usually progress to weeks and disappear for weeks or months. Pain eventually reappears with less intensity after a day or weeks and even for months.

These apparent incalculable occurrences of symptoms make treatment difficult to reconcile. More so, the disease may progress due to the inappropriate treatment applied as the symptoms are ignored.

Since causes remain unidentified, medical treatments are yet to be discovered. A couple of treatment is to relieve the symptoms and not specifically cure them.

Additional Findings

Restless sleep syndrome is usually confused with Periodic Limb Movement in Sleep Disorder (PLMD). Individuals affected by this disorder are identified with the same type of symptoms as in the case of RLS patients but the main difference is that, as the name suggest, it occurs only while asleep and is usually the main cause of insomnia in patients with sleep disorder.

Kicking, flailing primarily of the legs and arms are just some of the most common stereotypical movements. While most RLS patients have PLMD, not all PLMD symptoms develop to RLS.

Genetics

There has been mounting evidence that RLS may be inherited. In a study conducted on 2001, 14 RLS patients among those 25 French-Canadian individuals apparently suggest the autosomal recessive mode of transmission of RLS.

In autosomal recessive type of inheritance, 2 copies of gene that codes for the disease should be present in order for the effects to materialize in a living species.

Now what does this mean to us? This implies that the chances of developing the disease are enhanced when either your parents have a family history of the disorder or both of them somehow exhibited the condition or are carriers of the condition.

Conclusions

If you experience any of the conditions above, it is best to seek the medical help of your physician so that proper treatment and guidance will be patterned should the disease was identified as RLS.

Early detection and treatment is necessary early treatment and to lessen at the very least, the symptoms associated with the disease.

CHAPTER 6. Sleeping Disorders #3 - Circadian Rhythms Syndrome

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2. Restless Legs Syndrome

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is not often discussed, but is actually fairly common, occurring in 10-15% of the population.

People with RLS complain of a discomfort in the legs (rarely the arms or chest) that is relieved only by walking. The feeling is often described as ants crawling on the skin.

This uncomfortable sensation only occurs when a person is not moving (either sitting still or lying down) and is always worse at night. Generally, people afflicted with RLS also notice that they unconsciously move their legs as well.

Sometimes they describe their legs as jumping on their own, or they notice that while sitting, they are constantly jiggling them. Since RLS occurs mostly at night while the body is at rest and is relieved by movement, falling asleep and staying asleep can become very difficult.

Even when RLS sufferers manage to fall asleep, they have frequent jerking of the limbs called periodic limb movements of sleep (PLMS).

Many elderly people develop PLMS – 34% of those over age 60 – even people who do not suffer from RLS and who have no other sleep complaints.

The number of people who have the symptoms of RLS increases with age, and some people who had mild symptoms when they were younger may find that the symptoms get much worse as they age.

There are many different medications available to treat both RLS and PLMS. These include medications that are usually used for Parkinson's disease, pain control and seizure disorders.

It is important never to treat yourself for this condition, but instead to see a doctor with special knowledge about the diagnosis and treatment of RLS.

If you have restless legs syndrome (RLS), you may recognize these symptoms:

An urge to move the legs, often accompanied by uncomfortable sensations in the legs, usually described as a creeping or crawling feeling, but sometimes as a tingling, cramping, burning or just plain pain.

Some patients have no definite sensation, except for the need to move. (The arms may also be affected, but that's much less common.)

The need to move the legs to relieve the discomfort, by stretching or bending, rubbing the legs, tossing or turning in bed, or getting up and pacing the floor. Moving usually offers some temporary relief of symptoms.

A definite worsening of the discomfort when lying down, especially when you're trying to fall asleep at night, or during other forms of inactivity, including just sitting.

A tendency to experience the most discomfort late in the day and at night. Sleep disturbances are common with RLS and are a major effect.

The sleep disturbances can range from mild to severe, but sleep problems are often the reason that people suffering from RLS seek a doctor's help.

If leg twitching or jerking is also present, a related disorder called periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) may be the cause. With PLMS, the leg movements may be severe enough to awaken you.

In RLS, PLMS-like symptoms can sometimes occur during wakefulness, as well as in sleep.

According to the National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, "restless legs syndrome is a common, under diagnosed, and treatable condition."

Recent research suggests it affects about 10% of adults in North America and Europe with rates increasing with age.

Lower prevalence has been found in India, Japan and Singapore, indicating that racial or ethnic factors are associated with RLS.

The cause of RLS is still unknown, but the symptoms tend to worsen over the years and become more severe in middle-to-old age.

The fact that it occurs three to five times more frequently in first-degree relatives of people with RLS than in people without RLS suggests that heredity may be involved. Pregnancy or hormonal changes may temporarily worsen RLS symptoms.

Some cases of RLS are associated with iron deficiency anemia or nerve damage in the legs due to diabetes, kidney problems, alcoholism and Parkinson's disease. Stress, diet or other environmental factors may play a role for some people.

All of these cases are said to be secondary RLS. If there is no family history of RLS and no associated condition causing the disorder, RLS is said to be idiopathic, meaning without a known cause.

Because RLS patients were found to respond positively to treatment with levodopa, scientists have been investigating whether RLS is caused by dopamine deficiency.

Dopamine is a chemical found naturally in the central nervous system where it largely functions as a neurotransmitter.

RLS can begin at any age and many individuals with RLS can trace their symptoms back to childhood, when their symptoms may have been called "growing pains" or attributed to hyperactivity because they had difficulty sitting quietly

The symptoms of RLS can range anywhere from bothersome to incapacitating. Fluctuations in severity are common, and occasionally the symptoms may disappear for periods of time.

Anxiety as bedtime approaches, frustration with nighttime awakenings, moodiness and depression, difficulty concentrating and excessive daytime sleepiness have all been reported in association with RLS.

It also can affect marital, family and social relations as well as having an adverse effect on school, work or other activities. Another effect can be increased drowsiness while driving or great difficulty performing overnight shift work.

The International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group has established the following clinical criteria for diagnosis of RLS:

• A compelling urge to move the limbs.
• Motor restlessness; for example, floor pacing, tossing and turning, and rubbing the legs.
• The symptoms may be worse or exclusively present at rest, with variable and temporary relief by activity.
• Symptoms are worse in the evening and at night.
Other associated features commonly found in RLS include:
• Sleep disturbances and daytime fatigue.
• Normal neurological exam in primary RLS.
• Involuntary, repetitive, periodic, jerking limb movements, either in sleep or while awake and at rest.

Most cases of RLS respond well to medical treatment. According to NCSDR, there are a number of pharmacological treatments for RLS.

Iron (ferrous sulfate), which is used in patients with serum ferritin levels of <50 mcg. Clonidine may be useful in hypertensive patients.

Try sleeping with your feet at a cooler temperature than the rest of your body, especially if you currently sleep with bed socks.

Simply stick your feet out from under the covers and let yourself adjust to the coolness of your feet. If very hot weather, soak your feet in cool water before going to bed.

NCSDR notes that dopaminergic agents are the first-line drugs for most RLS patients. They are usually used to treat Parkinson's disease, but they also help to relieve RLS symptoms.

Periodic limb movements in sleep are repetitive movements, most typically in the lower limbs, that occur about every 20-40 seconds.

If you have PLMS, or sleep with someone who has PLMS (also referred to as PLMD, periodic limb movement disorder), you may recognize these movements as brief muscle twitches, jerking movements or an upward flexing of the feet.

They cluster into episodes lasting anywhere from a few minutes to several hours.

Individuals with PLMS may also experience restless legs syndrome (RLS), an irritation or uncomfortable sensation in the calves or thighs, as they attempt to fall asleep or when they awaken during the night.

Walking or stretching may relieve the sensations, at least temporarily (see the RLS fact sheet).

However, research also shows that many individuals have PLMS without experiencing any symptoms at all. It's not unusual for the bed partner to be the one who's most aware of the movements, since they may disturb his/her sleep.

CHAPTER 6. Sleeping Disorders #3 - Circadian Rhythms Syndrome

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